Montgomery Bus Boycott 1956
Montgomerie bus boycott is a milestone in the history of the American civil rights movement. Began from the end of 1955, which lasted a year or so of the Montgomery bus boycott to show the determination and perseverance of African Americans and other Americans in support of the civil rights movement against Apartheid and social inequality. Montgomerie bus boycott eventually prompted the United States Supreme Court in 1956 to make a ruling, ruled that the city of Montgomerie, the bus apartheid law unconstitutional.
On December 1, 1955, in Alabama, Montgomery, Rosa Parks, an African American female tailor board a bus. When she took a bus to a few stations, the bus driver ordered Rosa Parkes to give her seat to the white passengers. Rosa Parkes thinks she should be white and equal treatment, and therefore refused to seat. Subsequently, Parkes was arrested by the police, and fined a ticket for $10 and $4 in court costs.
Rosa Parkes's actions sparked a series of civil rights movements. A few days after her arrest, some of Montgomerie's civil rights activists organized a boycott of the bus for a day. The civil rights fighters called for an African American in the city of Montgomerie to refuse to take a bus, walk or take a taxi to express their opposition to Parkes's arrest and racial segregation. Bus boycott movement kicked off.
In the bus boycott on the first day of the night, civil rights leader Martin Ruud Kim made an inspiring speech. Aware of the seriousness of the apartheid society, Martin Ruud Kim said: "there was no alternative but... To protest." however, Martin Ruud Kim stresses the importance of non violent movement. He warned the audience not to let their hearts be overwhelmed by hatred, but to respect the principles of Christianity to love those who discriminate against blacks.
After Martin Ruud Kinva's performance, he was elected leader of the Montgomerie Improvement Association, and actively led the bus boycott movement. To this end, Martin Ruud Kim's house was a race of extremists bombed again, but fortunately no one was killing the bomb.
The Montgomerie improvement association played a leading role in the Montgomerie bus boycott movement. Publicity, communications, and rent and other expenses quickly increased Montgomerie's fiscal spending. Fortunately, from the NAACP, some churches and labor contributions to the normal operation of the MIA.
In the course of the bus boycott, African Americans collectively refused to take Montgomerie's bus. It is worth mentioning that Montgomerie's African American is the main passenger aboard the local bus. About 18000 African American passengers on board a total of about 40000 times a day to work on the bus. African American collective boycott of the bus so that the action of the bus company Montgomerie quickly into a loss. One month after the bus boycott was launched, the Montgomerie transit company applied for emergency financial assistance to the mayor of Montgomerie, in order to maintain a public transport service at a loss.
Refused to take the bus to the African American people mainly to walk the way to travel. However, some people also get help from others. The taxi team, composed of 18 blacks, offered cheap service to African Americans on foot, only for 10 cents at a time. However, a request for a taxi at a cost of not less than 45 cents of the Montgomerie law to prevent the black drivers of the good. Pools car, an African American who has a car, is also facing a deliberate embarrassment from white traffic police and insurance companies. Faced with the threat of dismissal or even KKK violent retaliation, African Americans are still firmly in support of the Montgomerie bus boycott. A female who is known as "mother Pollard" (Pollard Mother) said: "my feet are very tired, but my heart is very quiet."
Montgomerie bus boycott lasted for 381 days. The United States Supreme Court finally gave them a more satisfactory answer in the United States, in the United States and in the United States, in 1956.
In June 4, 1956, Montgomerie made a ruling in federal court ruled that Alabama bus segregation laws unconstitutional. However, the regional Federal Court ruling did not immediately get effective implementation. The civil rights campaigners are still on the bus boycott.
In the United States Supreme Court in 1954 after the Brown v. Topeka board of education to make a change in the history of the ruling, the United States Supreme Court in 1956 once again made a major ruling. In November 13, 1956, the United States Supreme Court upheld the Federal District Court's ruling that the city of Montgomerie, the public transport apartheid law unconstitutional. The Supreme Court's ruling then became a decree that African Americans have the right to choose their own seats.
After getting a satisfactory answer, Montgomerie bus boycott participants in December 20, 1956 officially ended their boycott movement.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/54b.asp
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/montgomery-bus-boycott-1955-56
